You fatigue faster at higher intensities

A Power-Duration Curve (with accompanying Mean-Max Power curve)
A Power-Duration Curve (with accompanying Mean-Max Power curve)

𝐘𝐨𝐮 𝐟𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐠𝐮𝐞 𝐟𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐭 𝐡𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬

Intuitively, this is obvious.

If you sprint, you can’t sprint for a long time, and the faster you sprint, the shorter the time you can keep sprinting.

What’s not obvious is that there is a mathematical relationship between your intensity (your effort) and how long you can hold it.

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡

Monod and Scherrer’s research into single muscle groups showed that the fast component of fatigue follows a hyperbolic curve.

This research identified the bottom of the curve (the asymptote) as ‘an exercise intensity that could be sustained for a very long time’, naming it Critical Power (CP).

The research also identified that the curve’s hyperbolic shape makes it ‘possible to define the maximum amount of work that can be performed in a given time, as well as the conditions of work performed without fatigue.’

They called this maximum amount of work W’. Anaerobic Work Capacity (AWC) and Reserve Work Capacity (RWC) are other names for W’; Functional Reserve Capacity (FRC) describes a similar concept with a different calculation method (but still hyperbolic).

Further research by Hill extended and validated these concepts for whole-body exercise, noting that ‘for a very long time’ was usually 30 to 60 minutes of exercise at CP.

𝐖𝐡𝐲 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐟𝐮𝐥?

Knowing the maximum amount of work you can perform and the event distance, you can calculate a race power target for a shorter event (e.g. a 5k), where the fast component dominates.

𝑺𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒅𝒏’𝒕 𝒚𝒐𝒖 𝒃𝒆 𝑹𝒖𝒏𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓?

Questions?
📖 Getting Started

For more information on the research, please see:
🔹 Monod, H. & Scherrer, J., (2007) The Work Capacity of a Synergic Muscle Group
🔹 Hill, D., (2012) The Critical Power Concept

You fatigue faster at higher intensities

What are you capable of?

A Power-Duration Curve (with accompanying Mean-Max Power curve)
A Power-Duration Curve (with accompanying Mean-Max Power curve)

𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟?

This is a subtle question, as the answer depends on:
❓ how hard you run – your effort
❓ how long you can sustain that effort
❓ how well you’re able to convert that effort into forward motion

Your Power-Duration Curve (PDC) can help answer the first two – the third depends on your Running Effectiveness.

𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐏𝐃𝐂

There’s an inverse relationship between power and duration: the higher your power (your effort), the shorter the duration you can sustain it; the lower your power, the longer you can sustain it.

You can chart this relationship. The result is a curve showing your Mean-Max Power (MMP) – the best effort you can sustain for each duration (measured using power) .

Based on your MMP curve, your PDC models your best efforts over a range of different durations, showing (for each) the effort you could sustain.

The picture accompanying this post shows a typical PDC (with accompanying MMP).

It’s usually charted using a logarithmic duration scale – which expands the left side of the curve and compresses the right side, revealing that the PDC is actually two separate curves.

𝐘𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐏𝐃𝐂 𝐢𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 𝐚 𝐟𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐠𝐮𝐞-𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐯𝐞

How long you can sustain a particular effort level depends on how much you can do before tiring – it depends on how you fatigue.

Fatigue has two components: a fast component and a slow component.

Both elements of fatigue are always present, but the fast element of fatigue dominates at higher intensities, and the slow element dominates at lower intensities.

The next couple of posts explore the two components of fatigue.

𝑺𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒅𝒏’𝒕 𝒚𝒐𝒖 𝒃𝒆 𝑹𝒖𝒏𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓?

Questions?
📖 Getting Started

From its first introduction in ‘Training and Racing with a Power Meter’ (Allen, H., Coggan, A. & McGregor, S.) in 2006, and its subsequent incorporation into WKO4 in 2015, the PDC has become the standard for modelling your power over all time periods. For more information on the PDC as implemented in WKO, see ‘Scientific Basis of the New Power Duration Model in WKO4‘.

What are you capable of?

What should I show on my watch?

Hand raised to ask a question

𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐈 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐦𝐲 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡?

This is a common question for runners new to power.

There’s no correct answer – you should set up your watch to show the metrics you want to monitor while running.

But personal experience and Facebook conversations suggest many runners work through something similar to the following.

𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐬 𝐮𝐧𝐟𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐫

You have power showing, but you also have pace or HR as these are the metrics you’re familiar with, so you can cross-check your intensity.

𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 + 𝐇𝐑 + 𝐏𝐚𝐜𝐞 = 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧

You find that power doesn’t always match your pace or HR, with the differing metrics changing differently.

It feels confusing.

You decide to focus on power, relegating the others to secondary displays.

𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 + 𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐦 𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐬

You might show power but add metrics like cadence or Ground Contact Time to work on your form.

But you find it’s difficult to maintain targets and work on your form.

𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞

Eventually, you realise that power is simply a way to train your perceived exertion – how hard it feels.

You adjust your watch display to show two metrics (lap power and 3s/10s average power), adding previous lap power when running intervals.

You may even switch to show percentage of Threshold Power, rather than Watts.

The above sequence is not unusual and may even be necessary to become entirely comfortable with Running with Power.

𝑺𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒅𝒏’𝒕 𝒚𝒐𝒖 𝒃𝒆 𝑹𝒖𝒏𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓?

Questions?
📖 Getting Started

What should I show on my watch?

Max efforts are hard – is there any alternative?

Hand raised to ask a question

𝐌𝐚𝐱 𝐄𝐟𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐫𝐮𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐝 – 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞?

This is a common experience for runners new to power.

A Maximum Effort run is a run at the maximum (average) power you can maintain for a specific duration.

For example, your 3-minute max is the highest average power you can maintain over a 3-minute run.

𝐖𝐡𝐲 𝐝𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐦?

👉🏼 By running max efforts over two or more durations (e.g. 3-minutes and 12-minutes) you can calculate your Threshold Power.

❓ Without max efforts, you won’t truly know what you’re capable of, and your training targets, training load and race/event targets will probably be understated.

𝐈𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞?

Yes.

💉 You can pay for lactate testing. But this typically involves a graded exercise test with increasing intensity every few minutes (max efforts in disguise).

🧮 You can estimate your Threshold Power using easy runs, but this method is only recommended until you’re able to complete maximum effort runs.

𝐃𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐲 𝐠𝐞𝐭 𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐞𝐫?

They do … and they don’t.

❌ They don’t because you’re running at the highest average power you can manage – that’s never going to be easy. And it’s typical to start out too fast and fade towards the end, which may mean you didn’t really run to your maximum.

✅ And they do. You get used to how they feel. You get used to starting out a little slower, then pushing it towards the end. And you can use previous max effort results to gauge how hard to run the first part of your upcoming max effort.

And then you realise (in the words of Dr Andrew Coggan) ‘testing is training, too’.

𝑺𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒅𝒏’𝒕 𝒚𝒐𝒖 𝒃𝒆 𝑹𝒖𝒏𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓?

Questions?
📖 Getting Started

Max efforts are hard – is there any alternative?

How do I set a goal time?

Hand raised to ask a question

How do I set a goal time?

This is a common question that runners new to power ask.

You can aim for a goal time – for example, “finish the half in under 2 hours”.

But there are some good reasons why you shouldn’t.

𝐆𝐨𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐛𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐬

Why not set a goal time?
❌ Your goal time may be unrealistic … ‘hopeful’ rather than based on what you can actually achieve.
❌ Your training targets may be too aggressive … based on your hopeful goal time instead of your current fitness.
❌ At the event, you may try to run with a pacing group … but may end up dropping back and becoming disheartened if you find you can’t keep up.

𝐑𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠

Rather than set a goal time, use Race Power Planning, which:
✅ is based on your Threshold Power – your actual fitness … the same metric used to set your training targets.
✅ uses your fatigue resistance and your ability to convert effort into forward motion … both individual to you, and based on completed workouts.
✅ results in a power target you can maintain throughout the event … you can avoid going out too fast and be confident to finish strong.

𝐖𝐡𝐲 𝐢𝐬𝐧’𝐭 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐝𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬?

Because running to power (and letting your finish time take care of itself) takes some getting used to, even if the result is likely to be your Personal Best on the day.

𝑺𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒅𝒏’𝒕 𝒚𝒐𝒖 𝒃𝒆 𝑹𝒖𝒏𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓?

Questions?
📖 Getting Started

How can I run faster?

Hand raised to ask a question

𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐈 𝐫𝐮𝐧 𝐟𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫?

This is a common question that many runners ask, and not just runners using power.

There are three ways that you can run faster:
✅ Improve your fitness. If you’re fitter, you should be able to maintain a higher effort, which should mean a higher pace and a quicker finish time.
✅ Improve your form. If you improve how you run, you should be able to run faster for the same effort, resulting in a quicker finish time.
✅ Improve both. Although it’s much easier to improve your fitness than to improve your form 😊

𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐟𝐢𝐭𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬?

By training.

Ideally, using a training plan that includes both running and strength or other supplementary workouts, as well as recovery time.

Strength or other supplementary workouts will improve (or maintain) your whole-body fitness.

Recovery gives your body time to respond to the training – it’s when you become fitter.

You can measure fitness improvements using your Threshold Power.

𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦?

Using drills, plyometrics, hill runs and other activities that work on leg spring stiffness.

You might also try specific interventions (under the supervision of a running physio or specialist running coach), but these are much harder to embed.

You can measure form improvements using Running Effectiveness.

Power provides specific metrics you can use to track improvements in fitness and in form.

𝑺𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒅𝒏’𝒕 𝒚𝒐𝒖 𝒃𝒆 𝑹𝒖𝒏𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓?

Questions?
📖 Getting Started

Is it only about the numbers?

Hand raised to ask a question

𝐈𝐬 𝐢𝐭 𝐨𝐧𝐥𝐲 𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬?

This is a common question that runners new to power ask.

It’s not only about the numbers.

Training is more than actions driven by numbers.

When planning, you should consider your training goals, your specifics (age, ability, injury history), supplemental training (strength, mobility, plyometrics, drills) and other exercise activities (cycling, swimming, yoga, pilates).

When executing your plan, you should consider sleep, nutrition, hydration, work and family commitments … anything affecting your training.

Unfortunately, you won’t be able to measure most of these.

𝐍𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞 𝐚 𝐟𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

What can you measure, so that your training is underpinned by things you can quantify?

Power numbers.

They can be used to
✅ plan workouts targeting specific intensity levels and durations
✅ plan and monitor your training load and progression
✅ plan your race-day targets

𝐁𝐮𝐭 … 𝐢𝐭’𝐬 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐨𝐧𝐥𝐲 𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬

Because power can be used for so much, it’s tempting to think that your power numbers are ‘the truth’.

That if you use them to make every training decision, you’ll get the best result.

But power meters can’t measure everything that’s happening to you while you train.

For that reason, power numbers are a guide.

They’re a very good guide, but they are only a guide, not the truth.

Which means rather than Running 𝘣𝘺 Power, treating your power numbers as the truth and using them to make every decision, you should Run 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 Power, using your power numbers as a guide, complementing and underpinning other considerations.

𝑺𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒅𝒏’𝒕 𝒚𝒐𝒖 𝒃𝒆 𝑹𝒖𝒏𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓?

Questions?
📖 Getting Started

Is it only about the numbers?

Which other watches offer wrist-based power?

Runners looking at their running watch

𝐖𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫 𝐰𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭-𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐨 𝐑𝐮𝐧 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫?

All sports watch brands (and the Apple Watch) offer wrist-based power, but it works better with some brands than others (using the Which Watch? criteria).

Unfortunately, I haven’t been able to try all brands to understand what works and what doesn’t.

For the brands I’ve tried, here’s what I’ve found.

𝐂𝐎𝐑𝐎𝐒 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬

All COROS watches support wrist-based running power with no additional on-watch apps, but:
❌ you must plan workouts in the companion app, in TrainingPeaks, in Final Surge or in Intervals.icu.
❌ the companion app does not provide power-based metrics – see below.

𝐏𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬

Polar watches will display power while running and record power to workout files, but:
❌ You must plan workouts in the Polar Flow app, or in TrainingPeaks. If you use structured workouts, TrainingPeaks may be the better choice (although you’d need to subscribe to the premium option).
❌ The system does not support structured workouts (although you can build workouts with phases).
❌ the Polar Flow app does not provide power-based metrics – see below.

𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫-𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐬

None of the manufacturers provide power-based metrics that would enable you to calculate your threshold, monitor your training, and plan your events and races.

Your app choices are TrainingPeaks/WKO or Intervals.icu.

𝐈𝐟 𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐰𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭-𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫

✅ Ideally: use a Connect IQ 5.0.0 Garmin watch, a COROS watch, or an Apple Watch with the WorkOutDoors app.
✅ Try to avoid: using a Polar watch
✅ I haven’t tried: using a Wahoo or Suunto watch

𝑺𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒅𝒏’𝒕 𝒚𝒐𝒖 𝒃𝒆 𝑹𝒖𝒏𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓?

Questions?
📖 Getting Started

Which other watches offer wrist-based power?

Which other watches work with a Stryd?

Runners looking at their running watch

𝐖𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐚 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐲𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐑𝐮𝐧 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫?

Stryd works with all sports watches, but it works better with some than others (using the Which Watch? criteria).

𝐂𝐎𝐑𝐎𝐒 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬

✅ COROS watches (except the Pace 1 and kiprun series) meet all the above criteria using native watch functionality.

𝐖𝐚𝐡𝐨𝐨 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬

The Elemnt Rival meets all the above criteria using native watch functionality, except:
❌ You must plan workouts in third-party apps like TrainingPeaks or Intervals.icu. You cannot download workouts planned in the Stryd ecosystem to the watch.

𝐒𝐮𝐮𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬

Suunto watches will display power while running and record power to workout files for upload to the Stryd ecosystem, but:
❌ You must plan workouts in the Suunto app or in third-party apps like TrainingPeaks or Intervals.icu. You cannot download workouts planned in the Stryd ecosystem to the watch.
❌ Additional Stryd metrics require a manual offline sync (for each completed workout) to transfer them to the Stryd Ecosystem.

𝐏𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬

Polar watches will display power while running and record power to workout files for upload to the Stryd ecosystem, but:
❌ You must plan workouts in the Polar Flow app or in TrainingPeaks. If you use structured workouts, TrainingPeaks may be the better choice (although you’d need to subscribe to the premium option).
❌ The system does not support structured workouts (although you can build workouts with phases).
❌ Additional Stryd metrics require a manual offline sync (for each completed workout) to transfer them to the Stryd Ecosystem.

𝐈𝐟 𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐲𝐝 𝐟𝐨𝐨𝐭𝐩𝐨𝐝

✅ Ideally: use an Apple Watch, a Connect IQ 5.0.0 Garmin watch, or a COROS watch
✅ If you must: use a Wahoo watch
✅ Try to avoid: using a Suunto or Polar watch

𝑺𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒅𝒏’𝒕 𝒚𝒐𝒖 𝒃𝒆 𝑹𝒖𝒏𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓?

Questions?
📖 Getting Started

Which other watches work with a Stryd?

Can you use a Garmin to Run with Power?

Runners looking at their running watch

𝐂𝐚𝐧 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝐚 𝐆𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐑𝐮𝐧 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫?

Yes, with some caveats based on your power meter and the Which Watch? criteria.

𝐆𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐚 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐲𝐝 𝐟𝐨𝐨𝐭𝐩𝐨𝐝

The Stryd Zones datafield is your best choice – it’s fully compatible with Garmin watches running Connect IQ 5.0.0 or later. Stryd Zones:
⌚ Downloads workouts planned in the Stryd Ecosystem (via Garmin Connect)
⌚ Can show various power numbers while running
⌚ Records power (second-by-second) into your workout file
⌚ Uploads completed runs into the Stryd Ecosystem (via Garmin Connect)
⚡ Supports Structured Workouts
⚡ Provides 3s, 10s, and 30s Power Smoothing
⚡ Provides current and last Lap Averages.

If you have an older watch (running Connect IQ 3.0.0 or later), you’ll need to use the Stryd Workout app (for Garmin) to run Structured Workouts.

𝐆𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐖𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭-𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫

The watches listed at Garmin; Running Power Device Requirements in the section ‘Watch Models That Support Native Running Power’ support Wrist-based power, using Garmin’s ‘Run’ app.

Unfortunately, the watches listed in the section ‘Watch Models That Support Running Power With a Connect IQ App‘ (my italics) did not provide repeatable and concurrently valid results when I studied their output.

Garmin’s native running power implementation meets the criteria but note that:
❌ Garmin only offers 10s smoothing. This makes it less useful when running short-duration intervals. Fortunately, it’s possible to use a 3rd-party datafield (like pbRun) to achieve a shorter smoothing interval.
❌ While you can use Garmin Connect to plan your workouts, it does not provide power-based metrics that would enable you to calculate your threshold, monitor your training, and plan your events and races. You’ll need to connect a 3rd-party reviewing app to Garmin Connect to obtain metrics.

𝑺𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒅𝒏’𝒕 𝒚𝒐𝒖 𝒃𝒆 𝑹𝒖𝒏𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓?

Questions?
📖 Getting Started